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The 2nd Division (''2. Division'') was a unit of the Prussian/German Army.〔From the late 1800s, the Prussian Army was effectively the German Army, as during the period of German unification (1866-1871) the states of the German Empire entered into conventions with Prussia regarding their armies and only the Bavarian Army remained fully autonomous.〕 It was formed in Danzig (now Gdańsk, Poland) in March 1816 as a Troop Brigade (''Truppen-Brigade'').〔Günter Wegner, ''Stellenbesetzung der deutschen Heere 1815-1939.'' (Biblio Verlag, Osnabrück, 1993), Bd. 1, p. 91; Claus von Bredow, bearb., ''Historische Rang- und Stammliste des deuschen Heeres'' (1905), p.232〕 It became the 2nd Division on September 5, 1818.〔Bredow, p. 232.〕 In 1890, the headquarters of the division was relocated to Königsberg (now Kaliningrad, Russia), then the capital of East Prussia.〔Wegner, p. 91.〕 In 1899, the headquarters was moved to Insterburg (now Chernyakhovsk, Russia), further inland and closer to the border with the Russian Empire.〔 From the latter's formation in 1820, the division was subordinated in peacetime to the I Army Corps (''I. Armeekorps'').〔Wegner, p. 43.〕 The 2nd Division was disbanded in 1919 during the demobilization of the German Army after World War I. The 2nd Division and its regiments fought in the Austro-Prussian War against Austria in 1866, including the Battle of Königgrätz.〔Hermann Cron et al., ''Ruhmeshalle unserer alten Armee'' (Berlin, 1935)〕 The division then fought in the Franco-Prussian War against France in 1870-71. Its regiments saw action in the Battle of Noiseville, the Battle of Gravelotte, the Siege of Metz, the Battle of Amiens, the Battle of Hallue, and the Battle of St. Quentin, among other actions.〔Cron et al., ''Ruhmeshalle''〕 In World War I, the division served primarily on the Eastern Front, seeing action at the battles of Gumbinnen and Tannenberg, and the 1st and 2nd Battles of the Masurian Lakes. After Russia's defeat in the war, the division saw service on the Western Front in 1918, and ended the war occupying positions around Antwerp and along the Maas in Belgium.〔(02. Infanterie-Division - Der erste Weltkrieg )〕 ==1870 organization== During wartime, the 2nd Division, like other German divisions, detached most of its cavalry and was redesignated an infantry division. The organization of the 2nd Infantry Division in 1870 at the beginning of the Franco-Prussian War was as follows:〔A. Niemann, ''Der französische Feldzug 1870-1871'' (Verlag des Bibliographischen Instituts, Hildburghausen, 1871), p. 38〕 * 3rd Infantry Brigade (''3. Infanterie-Brigade'') * * 3rd East Prussian Grenadier Regiment No. 4 (''3. Ostpreußisches Grenadier-Regiment Nr. 4'') * * 7th East Prussian Infantry Regiment No. 44 (''7. Ostpreußisches Infanterie-Regiment Nr. 44'') * 4th Infantry Brigade (''4. Infanterie-Brigade'') * * 4th East Prussian Grenadier Regiment No. 5 (''4. Ostpreußisches Grenadier-Regiment Nr. 5'') * * 8th East Prussian Infantry Regiment No. 45 (''8. Ostpreußisches Infanterie-Regiment Nr. 45'') * 10th Dragoon Regiment (''Dragoner-Regiment Nr. 10'') 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「2nd Division (German Empire)」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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